Hydrochloric acid is found naturally in gastric acid. It is a member of the binary acids. Why is HF a weak acid, when the rest of the hydrohalic acids are strong? One might correctly assume that fluorine is very electronegative, so the H-F bond is highly polar and we can expect HF to dissociate readily in solution; this reasoning is not wrong, but the electronegativity argument is trumped by considerations of ionic size.
Recall the periodic trend that ionic size increases as we move down the periodic table. Because fluorine is at the top of the halogens, the F — ion is the smallest halide; therefore, its electrons are concentrated around its nucleus, and as a result, the H-F bond is relatively short.
Shorter bonds are more stable, and thus the H-F bond is more difficult to break. Once we move down to chlorine, howver, the trend changes. Chlorine is larger and has more electrons, and therefore the H-Cl bond is longer and weaker. The same reasoning applies for both HBr and HI. These acids are even stronger than HCl because the Br — and I — ions are even larger.
As such, the H-Br and H-I bonds are even weaker, and these compounds also readily dissociate in solution. Binary acids are one of two classes of acids, the second being oxoacids or oxyacids , which consist of hydrogen, oxygen, and a third element, which is often a non-metal.
An oxoacid sometimes called an oxyacid is an acid that contains oxygen. To be more specific, an oxoacid is an acid that:. Sulphuric acid : Drops of the concentrated oxoacid sulfuric acid sulphuric acid rapidly dehydrate a piece of cotton towel. These acids can be arranged in order of their pK a values and, by extension, their relative strengths:.
Recall that smaller values of pKa correspond to greater acid strength. Therefore, HOCl is the strongest acid and HOI is weakest, and acid strength decreases as the central halogen descends on the periodic table. Because Cl is the most electronegative, it draws the bulk of the electrons in the HOCl molecule toward itself; because H and Cl are on opposite ends of the molecule, Cl pulls at the electrons in the H-O bond, thereby weakening it. Consider the family of chlorooxoacids, which are arranged below in order of pK a values:.
The strongest acid is perchloric acid on the left, and the weakest is hypochlorous acid on the far right. Notice that the only difference between these acids is the number of oxygens bonded to chlorine. As the number of oxygens increases, so does the acid strength; again, this has to do with electronegativity.
Carboxylic acids are an important subclass of organic oxoacids, characterized by the presence of at least one carboxyl group. A strong oxidizing agent. One point is earned for the correct answer with justification. Hypobromous acid is a very weak and unstable acid with chemical formula of HOBr.
It is mainly produced and handled in aqueous solution. It is generated both biologically and commercially as a disinfectant. Electronegativity of the Central Atom Recall that smaller values of pKa correspond to greater acid strength.
Therefore, HOCl is the strongest acid and HOI is weakest, and acid strength decreases as the central halogen descends on the periodic table.
Sulfurous acid also sulphurous acid is the chemical compound with the formula H2SO3. There is no evidence that sulfurous acid exists in solution, but the molecule has been detected in the gas phase. Bromic acid, also known as hydrogen bromate, is an oxoacid with the molecular formula HBrO 3. HIO4 acid name is Metaperiodic acid. Periodic acid is the highest oxoacid of iodine, in which the iodine exists in oxidation state VII.
The compound perbromic acid is the inorganic compound with the formula HBrO4. It is an oxoacid of bromine. Perbromic acid is unstable and cannot be formed by displacement of chlorine from perchloric acid, as periodic acid is prepared; it can only be made by protonation of the perbromate ion.
Phosphonic acids were used for their bioactive properties drug, pro-drug , for bone targeting, for the design of supramolecular or hybrid materials, for the functionalization of surfaces, for analytical purposes, for medical imaging or as phosphoantigen. Hydrosulfuric acid or sometimes also called sulfhydric acid - is essentially H2S dissolved in water.
Often depicted as H2S. H2O or more commonly as H2S aq. Description: Periodate is a monovalent inorganic anion obtained by deprotonation of periodic acid.
It is a monovalent inorganic anion and an iodine oxoanion. It is a conjugate base of a periodic acid. What is hoi in chemistry?
Category: science chemistry. Conjugate base: Hypoiodite. Is HClO a strong acid? Is hio4 a strong acid?
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