Oxygenases incorporate oxygen from molecular oxygen into organic substrates. Reductases catalyze reductions, in most cases reductases can act like an oxidases Oxidoreductase enzymes play an important role in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.
They can be found in glycolysis, TCA cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and in amino acid metabolism. During anaerobic glycolysis, the oxidation of NADH occurs through the reduction of pyruvate to lactate. The lactate is then oxidized to pyruvate in muscle and liver cells, and the pyruvate is further oxidized in the TCA cycle. Alternative pathways of carbon dioxide fixation: insights into the early evolution of life?
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These metal requirements alone invoke the necessity for a profusion of ancillary enzymes which are involved in the preparation and incorporation of these cofactors.
The characterisation of a large number of pleiotropic mutants unable to synthesise either functionally active formate dehydrogenases or hydrogenases has led to the identification of a number of these enzymes.
However, it is apparent that there are many more accessory proteins involved in the biosynthesis of these isoenzymes than originally anticipated. The biochemical function of the vast majority of these enzymes is not understood.
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